1.含有分隔結(jié)構(gòu)的句子
分隔結(jié)構(gòu)在英語表達(dá)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),它的作用主要是調(diào)整語氣、補(bǔ)充信息以及平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)。在閱讀長(zhǎng)難句中出現(xiàn)較多的分隔形式是插入語。
插入語有很多不同的類型,可以是一個(gè)詞,比如形容詞(strange,etc)、副詞 (personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,etc);可以是短語,比如形容詞短語(worst still,sure enough,etc)、介詞短語(of course,in short,as a matter of fact,by the way,etc)、分詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式(to be sure,to tell you the truth,etc);也可以是句子,比如if I may say so,if you don't mind,that is(to say)等都是非常常見的插入語。通常,去掉句中這些插入成分不會(huì)影響句子的完整性。如:I say /hear,I think /hope / believe,you know / see,what's more,I'm afraid,do you think / suppose等。
如:His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International,a software company,he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 這是一個(gè)典型的含有多個(gè)插入語的長(zhǎng)句。as chairman of Computer Associates International是he的同位語,a software company是Computer Associates International的同位語,它們將從屬連詞when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主語分隔開了。去掉這些插入語后,這句話的意思就很清楚了。
2.被從句拉長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句
這些句子較長(zhǎng),有時(shí)甚至出現(xiàn)一個(gè)從句套另一個(gè)從句、環(huán)環(huán)相扣的情況。遇到這種情況時(shí),考生在閱讀過程中經(jīng)常會(huì)遺忘前面剛剛讀過的內(nèi)容,往往讀了幾遍,還搞不清整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
如:Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomenon.
事實(shí)上,無論多長(zhǎng)多復(fù)雜的句子醫(yī)學(xué)全在線,搜集整,理m.gydjdsj.org.cn,都是由主干和修飾成分這兩部分組成的。主干是整句話的主體框架,主要指主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(He plays basketball)或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)(This is an apple)。修飾成分可以是單詞,可以是短語,也可以是從句,無論是何種形式,它在句中都只起到修飾和補(bǔ)充主干的作用。因此,對(duì)于這種類型的長(zhǎng)句,我們要做的首先是確定主干,然后理清從句結(jié)構(gòu),再按照所確定的各個(gè)成分想想句子的大意,再聯(lián)系上下文看是否與語境相吻合。如果前后文理不通,則可能是分析有誤,這時(shí)就需要對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)重新進(jìn)行分析。
用上述的方法簡(jiǎn)化上述的那句話,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),句子的主干是there is not one,后面都是修飾成分。定語從句who has not…natural phenomenon修飾先行詞one,在這個(gè)定語從句中,of the very same kind…as that…作為后置定語修飾a complex train of reasoning;句中有一個(gè)讓步狀語though differing in degree作為分隔結(jié)構(gòu),把the very same…as that分隔開;as that which…中的that是先行詞,被which所引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。