護理專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí):口服給藥

ADMINISTERING ORAL MEDICATIONS

口服給藥

Assessment

評估

1. Identify the drug(s) ordered: action, purpose, normal dosage and route, common side effects, time of onset and peak action, and nursing implications.

1、確認藥物：作用、目的、正常劑量及給藥途徑、常見副作用、起效和藥峰時間、和護理含意。

2. Assess for any contraindications to oral medication.

2、評估是否有口服禁忌。

3. Check allergies and replace any missing or faded identification bracelets.

3、檢查過敏資料，補充遺失或替換退色的識別腕帶。

4. Assess client's knowledge regarding medications.

4、評估病人的藥物知識。

5. Assess client's preferences for fluids. Maintain fluid restrictions as prescribed.

5、評估病人液體喜好。按處方維持液體限制。

Implementation

實施

1. Use Standard Protocol.

1、按標準程序開始操作。

Preparing medications

準備藥物

2. Compare medication administration record with scheduled medication list. If discrepancies exist, check against original physician orders.

2、對照用藥記錄與藥物單。如有異議，應(yīng)核對原始醫(yī)囑。

Nurse alert: Review five rights.

注意：藥物“五對”。

3. Arrange cups in medication preparation area or move medication cart to position outside client's room.

3、在藥物準備區(qū)備好杯子，或?qū)⑺庈囃频讲》客狻?

4. Unlock medicine drawer or cart.

4、打開藥柜或藥車。

5. Prepare medications for one client at a time.

5、準備藥物，一次準備一個病人。

6. Select correct drug from stock supply or unit dose drawer. Compare label of medication with MAR or computer printout.

6、從備用藥或單位劑量抽屜中選擇所需藥物。

7. Check drug dose. If label dose differs from ordered dose, calculate correct amount to give.

7、核對藥物劑量。如標簽劑量不同于醫(yī)囑劑量，應(yīng)算出正確劑量。

8. To prepare unit dose tablets or capsules, place packaged tablet or capsule directly into medicine cup without removing wrapper.

8、準備單位劑量藥片或膠囊時，直接將包裝好的藥片或膠囊放入藥杯，無需除去包衣。

9. To prepare tablets or capsules from a floor stock bottle, pour required number into bottle cap and transfer medication to medication cup. Do not touch medication with fingers; return extra tablets or capsules to bottle.

9、從原料瓶準備藥片或膠囊時，將所需藥物倒入瓶蓋，再轉(zhuǎn)到藥杯，勿使手指觸碰藥品。將剩余藥片或膠囊倒回藥瓶。

10. Check the expiration date of each drug. Return all outdated drugs to pharmacy.

10、核對每種藥物的有效期。將過期藥品退還藥房。

11. Place all tablets or capsules requiring preadministration assessments (e.g., pulse rate, blood pressure) in a separate cup.

11、單獨放置需要進行藥前評估的藥品（如脈率、血壓)。

12. Medications that need to be broken in order to administer half the dose can be broken using a gloved hand or cut with a cutting device.

12、需切半服用的藥物可帶手套用手掰開或用刀具切開。

13. When preparing liquids, thoroughly mix before administering. Check and discard medications that are cloudy or have changed color:

13、藥液：用前需搖勻。檢查并棄用混濁或變色藥品。

• Place cap upside down while pouring.
• Hold label against palm of hand while pouring.
• Place medication cup at eye level and fill to desired level.
• Wipe lip of bottle with paper towel.
• If client has difficulty swallowing, use a mortar and pestle to grind pills or a pill-crushing device. Mix ground tablet in small amount of soft food.

• 倒藥液時將蓋底朝上。
• 倒藥液時手心貼住標簽。
• 藥杯與眼同高，倒藥液至所需刻度處。
• 用紙巾擦凈瓶口。
• 如病人吞藥有困難，可用藥臼或碎藥器研碎藥片。用少量軟食混合藥末。

14. If giving less than 5 ml of liquids, prepare medication in a sterile syringe without a needle.

14、如所給藥液少于5毫升，備藥時可使用無針頭注射器。

Nurse Alert: EC or SR tablets may be available in liquid or suppository form. Crushing alters absorption rate.

注意：腸衣片或緩釋制劑有液劑和栓劑兩種，研碎后可改變吸收率。

15. Narcotic preparation. Check narcotic record for previous drug count and compare with supply available.

15、麻醉藥品。核對用藥記錄，檢查以前 用藥數(shù)量及可用藥品。

16. Sign out narcotics according to agency policy.

16、根據(jù)醫(yī)院規(guī)定登記麻醉藥品使用情況。

Administering medications

發(fā)藥

17. Take medications to client within 30 minutes before or after scheduled time. 醫(yī)學(xué) 全在.線提供m.gydjdsj.org.cn

17、在預(yù)定給藥時間30min內(nèi)攜藥品至病人床前。

18. Identify client.

18、確認病人。

19. Perform necessary preadministration assessment for specific medications.

19、實施特定藥品的用前評估。

20. Discuss the purpose of each medication and its action with client. Allow client to ask any questions about drugs.

20、與病人討論每種藥品的用藥目的及其作用。允許病人詢問藥品相關(guān)問題。

21. Assist client to sitting or side-lying position.

21、協(xié)助病人取坐位或側(cè)臥位。

Nurse Alert: Check ability to swallow if appropriate.

注意：檢查吞藥能力。

22. Administer drugs properly:

22、正確給藥：

• Client may wish to hold solid medications in hand or cup before placing in mouth.
• If client is unable to hold medications, place medication cup to the lips and gently introduce each drug into the mouth, one at a time. Do not rush.
• Offer water or juice to help client swallow medications. Give cold carbonated water if available and not contraindicated.

Nurse Alert: Decide on sequence of administration.

• For sublingual-administered drugs, have client place medication under tongue and allow it to dissolve completely. Caution client against swallowing tablet.
• For buccal-administered drugs, have client place medication in mouth against mucous membranes of the cheek until it dissolves.
• Mix powdered medications with liquids at bedside and give to client to drink.
• Caution client against chewing or swallowing lozenges.
• Give effervescent powders and tablets immediately after dissolving.

• 病人可能會在藥品入口前將固體藥放在手里或杯中。
• 如病人無法持藥，可將藥杯放在病人唇邊，輕輕將藥片喂進嘴里，一次一片。不要催促。
• 提供水或果汁幫助病人吞藥。如無禁忌，也可用碳酸水送服。

注意：確定給藥順序。

• 服舌下藥時，應(yīng)讓病人將藥放于舌頭下待其完全溶化。提醒病人不能吞藥。
• 頰部給藥時，應(yīng)讓病人將其放入口腔貼在面頰粘膜直至溶化。
• 粉劑可在床邊用液體混合后給病人服用。
• 提醒病人不能咀嚼或吞咽錠劑。
• 騰粉劑和片劑應(yīng)在溶解后立即服用。

23. Stay until client has completely swallowed each medication. If concerned about ability or willingness to swallow, ask client to open mouth and inspect for presence of medication.

23、確認病人服下全部藥物后方可離開。如擔心病人吞咽能力或不愿意吞咽藥物，應(yīng)要求病人張嘴檢查口腔內(nèi)是否存有藥物。

24. For certain medications that should not be given on an empty stomach, offer client nonfat snack.

24、有些藥物不能空腹服用，服用時應(yīng)向病人提供非脂肪食物。

25. Replenish stock such as cups and straws, return cart to medicine room, and clean work area.

25、補充備用品，如藥杯和吸管。推車返回藥房，清潔工作區(qū)。

26. Use Completion Protocol.

26、按標準程序完成操作。

Evaluation

評價

1. Return within appropriate time to determine client's response to medications.

1、及時返回病房確定病人對藥物的反應(yīng)。

2. Evaluate client's learning needs.

2、評價病人學(xué)習(xí)需要。

3. Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions

3、確認意外結(jié)果和護理措施。

Record and Report

記錄和報告

1. Actual time given and signature according to agency policy.

1、按醫(yī)院規(guī)定登記實際給藥時間及簽名。

2. Drugs withheld and reason.

2、停用藥物及理由。

3. Adverse effects/client response.

3、不利效應(yīng)及病人反應(yīng)。