第二個(gè)層面是，讀文章時(shí)，應(yīng)該采用什么樣的閱讀方式�；趯�(duì)試題的研究，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在讀文章的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該把握重點(diǎn)：對(duì)于文章來(lái)講，首段、各段首句、末句是重點(diǎn)；對(duì)于句子來(lái)講，轉(zhuǎn)折句、因果句、長(zhǎng)難句、比較句和“絕對(duì)話(huà)意義”的句子往往是出題的方向。讀完一篇文章后要問(wèn)問(wèn)自己：文章主要圍繞什么問(wèn)題闡述？作者對(duì)文章的態(tài)度大體方向是什么？讀懂文章雖然不是做題正確的核心，但卻是做題正確的前提。
第三個(gè)層面是：以什么樣的思路去應(yīng)付考題。從閱讀材料后面的題目來(lái)看，問(wèn)題可以分為以下幾大類(lèi)：主旨題、推理題、細(xì)節(jié)題、例證題、態(tài)度題、原因題、舉例題和猜詞題。每個(gè)大題型又可以繼續(xù)細(xì)分。考生應(yīng)該對(duì)這些題型的正解特征加以歸納總結(jié)。例如：考研英語(yǔ)中多次涉及的主要原因題，其題目形式是：
üThe passage (author)………….mainly because____?
üWhich of the following is chiefly responsible for……..?
ü…………is largely due to________?
üWhat is the main reason for ________?
由上述真題題目我們可以看出，題目特征相當(dāng)明顯，都出現(xiàn)了表示“主要的”標(biāo)識(shí)詞。那么題目特征會(huì)引發(fā)我們?cè)鯓拥乃伎寄�？既然是主要原因，就表明在原文中原因的闡述是不唯一的，至少有兩個(gè)以上的原因才具備出主要原因題的前提。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，可能同時(shí)會(huì)有若干個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是正確的原因，但正確答案是最主要的原因。那么，什么樣的原因才是主要原因呢？我們可以從原文對(duì)應(yīng)句中找到規(guī)律：主要原因題正確選項(xiàng)在原文中的對(duì)應(yīng)句往往含有如下標(biāo)識(shí)詞：比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)、轉(zhuǎn)折詞、above all等。我們一起看一下以往的例題：
1. 原文：Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world round it is changing. The commercial TV channels—ITV and Channel 4—were required by the Thatcher Government’s Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels—funded partly by advertising and partly by viewers’ subscriptions—which will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.
The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ______________.
(1996年passage2第4題)
A. the emergence of commercial TV channel
B. the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government
C. the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs
D. the challenge of new satellite channels
2. 原文：Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors: and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.
According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large due to _______. (1996年passage4第1題)
A. elementary schoolsB. enthusiastic workers
C. the attractive premium systemD. a special way of thinking
3. 原文：But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyle.
