北京新航道學(xué)校 李傳偉
在“考研閱讀的最高境界——（一)五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法”等文章中我說(shuō)明了應(yīng)該如何把握閱讀文章與試題：
1． 把握中心思想層
2． 概括段落大意層
3． 深入剖析文章層
4． 摘錄背誦佳句層
5． 換位思考命題層
現(xiàn)在以歷年真題為例說(shuō)明如何實(shí)施上述的五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法。在每篇文章的后面，“文章結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的1與2，“核心詞匯”、“難句分析”與“參考譯文”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的3，“佳句摘錄”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的4，而“試題詳解”對(duì)應(yīng)上述學(xué)習(xí)法的5。關(guān)于“五層遞進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)法”的具體內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)閱讀本人博客中的同名文章。
Passage 4
“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade we’ll know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,” says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,” he cautions, “some people have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.”
This year, 50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging—13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.
With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous.
The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,” says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We can’t prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”醫(yī)學(xué)全.在線網(wǎng).站.提供
The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter.
“First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.”
13. The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to .
［A］ predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decade
［B］ indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are bright
［C］ prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty years
［D］ warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered
14. The author implies that by the year 2000, .
［A］ there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patients
［B］ 90 percent of the skin-cancer patients today will still be living
［C］ the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancers
［D］ there won’t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients
15. Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes.
［A］ that are always in operation in a healthy person
［B］ which remain unharmful so long as they are not activated
［C］ that can be driven out of normal cells
［D］ which normal cell can’t turn off
16. The word “dormant” in the third paragraph most probably means .
［A］ dead［B］ ever-present［C］ inactive［D］ potential
文章結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容
文章結(jié)構(gòu)：層層遞進(jìn)型。本文指出人們雖然還沒(méi)有找到治愈癌癥的方法，但在癌癥的研究方面已經(jīng)有了很大進(jìn)展。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了致癌基因（oncogene)，但是對(duì)于其活動(dòng)過(guò)程還知之不多。作者認(rèn)為雖然癌癥的治愈前景遙遠(yuǎn)，但已經(jīng)比較明朗。閱讀時(shí)注意文中的轉(zhuǎn)折處。
